ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of continuous light and benzene exposure on peripheral blood erythrocyte - Methods parameters and expression of miR 144/451 in the bone marrow of mice. This was a 2×2 factorial design. Photoperiod ， ， factor was set as normal and continuous light levels and mice were treated for 12 hours/12 hours light/dark or 24 hours light - respectively. The benzene exposure factor was set as non exposure and exposure levels. Mice were exposed to benzene by static 3 ， inhalation with a mass concentration of 0.0 and 32.5 mg/m for three hours per day five days per week for a total of four weeks. ， ， Specific pathogen free male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into negative control group simple continuous light group - - ， ， simple benzene exposure group and combined exposure group with 12 mice per group. After benzene exposure peripheral ， blood was collected for the detection of erythrocyte parameters in four periods. After the mice were sacrificed the expression of - - - - miR 451a and miR 144 5p was detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow Results （ ）， ， tissues. The hematocrit volume HCT mean corpuscular volume mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration （ ） - MCHC and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in peripheral blood and the relative expression of miR 451a in bone marrow tissue （ P< ） ， were statistically significant only in mice with benzene exposure all 0.05 . Among them the MCHC of benzene exposed （P< ）， （ P< ） - mice increased 0.05 but the other four indexes decreased all 0.05 compared with non benzene exposed mice. In thenegative control group the change of red blood cells count hemoglobin level and HCT in peripheral blood were rhythmical all P < ） ， （ P > ） rhythmical 0.05 . However the indexes above were out of rhythm all rhythmical 0.05 in the simple continuous light group and the - （ P > combined exposure group. The change of hemoglobin level and HCT of peripheral blood were also out of rhythm all rhythmical ） - - 0.05 in the simple benzene exposure group. The relative expression of miR 451a in bone marrow tissues of negative control （ P < ）， - group and simple continuous light group was rhythmical all rhythmical 0.05 while the relative expression of miR 451a in simple - - （ P > ）Conclusion benzene exposure group and combined exposure group was out of rhythm all rhythmical 0.05 . Benzene exposure ， induced changes in erythrocyte parameters of mice are independent effect and its mechanism may be related to the rhythmic - ， expression disorder of miR 451a in bone marrow tissues. Continuous light exposure benzene exposure and their interactions can ， interfere with the circadian rhythm of erythrocyte parameters such as red blood cell count hemoglobin and HCT to some extent.
ABSTRACT
Objective Light acts as an important zeitgeber and regulates the body's circadian rhythm.Excessive lighting at night leads to light pollution,which interferes with the circadian rhythm and thus adversely affects the body.To observe the adverse effect of continuous light on female reproductive endocrinology and explore effective treatment,the animal experiment was carried out.Methods 185 sexual maturity female SD rats in the age of 2 months with normal estrous cycle were enrolled.60 rats were selected randomly and enrolled into control group.Normal illumination conditions were given.The remaining rats were given 300±20lux light intensity for 24h/d last for 50 days to get reproductive rhythm disorder model.The model rats (100) were randomly divided into models group (n =50) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group (n =50).Traditional Chinese Medicine group was treated with sequential TCM.At last we get 50 rats enrolled into model group and herbal group respectively.The TCM group rats were given therapy of nourishing yin and tonifying yang sequential TCM,while the two other groups were gavaged the same volume of physiological saline.The estrous cycle was observed in all groups.20 days later,blood were collected dynamically and E2 (estradiol),P (progesterone),LH (Luteinizing Hormone),FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)and melatonin were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect of TCM.Finally,try to explain the mechanism of TCM's effect from the perspective of melatonin.Results At the first day,E2 was lower in TCM group and models group than control group (P＜ 0.05).At the second day,E2 was higher in traditional Chinese Medicine group than control group (9＜0.05).At the third day,E2 was higher in TCM group and models group than that in control group (P＜ 0.05).Progesterone in control group showed low level in pre-estrous and estrous period and elevated in the late stage of estrous.Progesterone showed no obvious change during the estrous cycle in TCM group and models group.At the third and fourth day,Progesterone was significantly lower in models group than TCM group and control group.At the first day,LH in models group [(249.8±50.2)mIU/mL] and TCM group [(83.4±37.3)mIU/mL] were significantly lower than control group [(430.0± 100.4)mIU/mL] (P＜0.05).At the first day,FSH in models group and TCM group were significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05).At the fourth day,FSH in TCM group was significantly lower than control group and models group (P＜0.05).Compared the melatonin among three groups,the circadian rhythm was high at night but low in the day in control group.The highest level was nearly 5 times higher than the lowest level.Neither the models group nor the TCM group had obvious recent rhythm changes.Conclusion Continuous light can induce disordered estrous cycle and loss of rhythm.Traditional Chinese Medicine can somehow induce circulation reconstruction.Continuous light can induce disordered endocrine,E2,FSH,LH surge abnormal,ovulation failure,luteal phase defect.TCM can induce ovulation and luteal support.Continuous light can destroy melatonin circadian rhythm and TCM can increase melatonin,which could be the mechanism of TCM's effect.
ABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade ( por cento) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P<0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility ( percent) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P<0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.